Friday, February 26, 2010


Frontline's production of A Class Divided features a two-part documentary. The first, Eye of the Storm follows the experiment in discrimination that Jane Elliot conducted in Riceville, IA the day after Dr. Martin Luther King Junior was assassinated as well as their class reunion several decades later. The second part of the program introduces us to a contemporary exercise used in the Iowa Department of Corrections too train prison staff. Briefly explain the effects of discrimination differentiating between the children and the adults. Why did Elliot chose to set up her experiment with the blues-eyes on the bottom in the prison? How would it have been different if blues had been on top in the example with the adults? Relate the examples with the adults to Antonio Gramsci's notions of hegemony with particular examples that illustrate the imbalance of power, the use of ideology, the ways power is maintained, and the way that consent and resistance to the status-quo occur. Last, provide an example from this video that surprised you or was most memorable. Please use language from our last lecture to strengthen your entry. Please post your response as a comment.

Wednesday, February 17, 2010

Completed Profiles


This week's homework is two-fold. First, create a full profile that is viewable and open for myself and your classmates. Add a picture and information that you are comfortable sharing with the class. Second, after your profile is complete please post a COMMENT (not a NEW POST) to this thread with your full name for me and your classmates to view. This will count as the blog assignment for next week. I have taken away the Coakley reading for next week but would still like you to read Zirin's weekly post as well as the Scoca. This, along with a few other links will be posted on ICON shortly.

Friday, February 5, 2010

Power, Ideology, and Intercollegiate Sport


This week you are reading George Sage's arguments regarding power, ideology, and intercollegiate sport. Sage describes the NCAA as a cartel. What evidence does he use in this argument? How has power changed or shifted over time in intercollegiate sports regarding governance? How has this process helped create the situation at Texas that Zirin blogged about last month? Explain how amateurism is an ideology that maintains the hegemony in intercollegiate sport and keeps power in the hands of the NCAA. Last, discuss how you are connected to the NCAA through the sport-involvement model provided in class two weeks ago.

For thinking homework I want you to think about television networks, advertising, and the role of ideology in Super Bowl commercials. Please check out this clip in your spare time and be prepared to discuss your thoughts as related to your chapter on the media (Sage, Ch8).



Please post these as a comment to this thread.

Monday, February 1, 2010

The Commodified Sport Industry

A decision will be made this year on whether the NFL will become a single entity. Teams are opposed to the idea for numerous reasons. If the NFL becomes a single entity, there will be no salary cap, or salary floor for players. The tug-o-war battle between teams negotiating for a player may become obsolete. Players do not have much incentive to play, besides for the love of the game. In addition to negotiation issues, there is always a risk that a monopoly could develop. The possible outcomes of a monopoly developing are best put into words by Dave Zirin, a sport’s editor for The Nation. He writes, “disloyal franchises, overpriced merchandize, unbridled greed…The NFL already acts like it has diplomatic immunity. It feeds at the public trough for stadium construction, charges a fortune for tickets, parking, souvenirs and--most tragically--beer, and accepts public input about as well as the CIA does. It is also about as transparent.” All of these possibilities could change the general public’s attendance at games, support through merchandise, and attitude toward the industry as a whole.

The overriding issues regarding the Supreme Court’s decision with the NFL case parallel strongly with ideas of class, capitalism and commodity. Karl Marx was the first person to recognize class as an economic concept. He believed that class could be broken down into two categories. First was the capitalist class, or those who own the means of production. The second was the proletariat class, or the workers, who do not own the means of production. Developing this idea further, George Sage, author of Power and Ideology in American Sport, presents a hierarchy of social class comprised of three classes. The classes are the capitalist class, middle class, and working class. Focusing on Sage’s highest level socially, the capitalist class, it is a class “elite in terms of wealth, income, ownership, privilege, and power; members of this class hold extensive control over the economic system…” (37).  In the NFL case, the NFL is the capitalist, and the owners, players, and coaches become the proletariats. The NFL will own the means of production and have colossal amounts of power. The NFL will control the marketing of goods and services, which will ultimately leave the owners, players and coaches as commodities. They will directly advertise the merchandise and team, but not benefit greatly on an individual level from the profits. 

Ultimately, the NFL becomes a sort of capitalist firm. Sage writes, “Capitalist firms exist to pursue their own profit maximization, not the collective aspirations of people” (152).  As the NFL grows in power, the owners, players and coaches lose theirs. They become subordinate, since they no longer have the means to produce on their own.

If the NFL becomes a single entity, it will affect my experiences. As a Green Bay Packers fan, I am accustomed to the way the Packers are run, the way they advertise, and the merchandise they sell. If prices go up, or other dimensions change, it could change whether I go to the games, and overall to what level I support the team. For the teams and consumers sake, I hope this case is dismissed, and the teams remain governed the way that they have been.